Understanding Human Rights (Human Rights)

Understanding Human Rights (Human Rights).

Understanding Human Rights (Human Rights) | Human Rights or abbreviated "human rights" is a fundamental right of every human being obtained from birth in which by nature of human rights inherent in human beings and no one person has the right to interfere accountable for the human rights section of the grace of God, that is the belief held by people who are aware that we are all God's creatures that have the same degree with other human beings that should be entitled to free and have dignity and rights equally. If you still do not realize the importance of human rights or the rights then please read the historical development of the world Start ham birth, humans have to have rights that must be upheld and recognized everyone. These rights are more important than the right of a ruler or chieftain. Rights derived than God Almighty Single, given to humans. Would however, human rights are often violated human rights will retain personal. Sebanarnya what is the principle of human rights (HAM) it? Well, on occasion will discuss the completion of the Understanding Human Rights (HAM). Moga beneficial.

Human Rights (HAM) arises from man's own conviction that all human beings as creatures of God are the same assemblies as well as equal. Humans are born well off and have dignity equal rights. For this reason should be treated as equal human worth and civilized. Human rights are universal, meaning that all human beings will prevail without mebeda-distinguished based on race, creed, tribe and nation (ethnic).

Speaking on Human Rights (HAM), its scope is very broad, good ham that individual (individual) human rights and communal or collective (community). Enforcement efforts have also been going on for centuries, although in many parts of the world, including Indonesia, explicitly new look since the end of World War II, and has intensified since the end of the 20th century. Already many documents produced about it, that from time to time continue to increase. Specifically in the life of our nation, since the last few decades have seen the development of a fairly encouraging with respect to enforcement and fulfillment of these rights. For example, we see the establishment of a National Human Rights Commission; there is a general and overall (ie Komnas HAM), and there is also a special nature, for example for women (Komnas Perempuan) and for children (Komnas Anak). In the field of legislation, recent developments are noteworthy among others are the result of amendment 4 UUD 1945 in 2002, which among other things makes the addition of a special chapter on human rights (ie chapter XA, which consists of 10 chapters, namely Article 28 A -28 J. chapter and chapters have a lot to absorb (adopting and ratifying) the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights documents were drafted and agreed upon internationally.

Understanding Human Rights (Human Rights)

The cornerstone of human rights became the forerunner of the presence of justice and civilization, uniting differences without distinction between religion, race, tribe, and nation. This also has the support of experts so as to provide some understanding of human rights, according to experts, the following definition of human rights according to the experts:

1. Definition of ham according to John Locke
JOHN Locke defines human rights is a right endowed by God is natural that human rights have never been and can not be separated from the essence, so that human rights are sacred and must be preserved.

2. Definition of ham according to David Beetham and Kevin BOYLE
Definition of ham according to David Beetham and Kevin Boyle is a fundamental freedom and has a connectedness with the human capacity and human needs.

3. Definition of ham according to C. de Rover
Definition of ham according to C. de Rover is the same legal rights to every human being both poor and rich, women or men. Although the rights that they have violated the ham but they still can not be eliminated. Rights is the law, which must be protected from national rules so that everything is fulfilled so that the ham can be upheld, protected and upheld.

4. Definition of ham according to Frans Magnis Suseno
Definition according to Frans Magnis suseno ham is ham guard human dignity, human beings have a ham for her man.

5. Definition of ham according to Miriam Budiarjo
Ham is a human rights are basically possessed by every human being from birth and its presence in society.

6. Definition of ham according to Seno Adji Oemar
He interpreted ham is a right that has been attached along with human dignity, which is what rights should not be violated by anyone.

7. Definition of ham according to G.J Wolhos
Human rights are a number of entrenched rights and inherent in man, these rights should not be dihingkan, because it eliminates all the same rights you eliminate the degree of humanity.
Of the many definition of ham according to the experts above, we can give the conclusion that human rights is something fundamental in human beings, there is no one who can remove and merusaka Ham, when you want to escape from the human rights then you are just not appreciate the degree of humanity.

8. Definition of ham according to Leah Kevin that the conception of human rights has two basic meanings. The first is that the rights of the intrinsic and inseparable into a person's right just because he is a human being. These rights are moral rights derived from its existence as a human being of every human being. The second meaning of human rights are legal rights, both nationally and internationally.


9. Definition of ham according to Komnas HAM is "Human Rights covers all areas of human life, whether civil, political, and economic, social and cultural. Five of them can not be separated from one another. Political rights and civil means nothing if people still wrestling with poverty and misery. But, on the other hand, the problems of poverty, security and other reasons, can not be used consciously to commit violations of human rights and political freedom and social community. .. Human rights does not support individualism, but dam it up to protect individuals, groups and classes, in the midst of the violence of modern life. Ham is a sign of real solidarity with the citizens of a nation that is weak.

Next we turn on the kinds of human rights, human rights belong to the 6 six parts:

1. Personal Rights
Human rights is private so it can provide such freedom to move, to travel, freedom of expression, the right of freedom to be active in an organization, and rights in carrying out God's orders.

2. Political Rights
Political rights are part of human rights which are entitled to vote and be elected in every election. Then pilik rights is entitled to participate in any activities of the government, and the right to make and submit a petition.

3. Rights Law
Rights are human rights law that have similarities in a sentence and the government, such is entitled to get the same behavior in law and government.

4. Economic Rights
Economic rights associated with the economy where everyone is entitled to make the process of buying and selling, is entitled to hold a contract agreement, is entitled to have something and decent work.

Rights 5.Hak Justice
Judicial rights is necessary in a court proceedings, in which you are entitled to equality before the law

6. Social and Cultural Rights

These rights relate to the condition of society in which every human being has the right to choose and determine their education, and the right remedy chose capability in accordance with their talents and interests.

Expansion of the concept of human rights

Indeed, it was as good if every person in Indonesia to understand human rights? Can we distinguish between rights and without human rights? Who are the right (both without mapun with human rights) was) Humans are some or institutions as well? These important questions posed, given Indonesia on 10 May 2006 has been elected to the UN Human Rights Council (supported by 165 countries out of 191 UN member states). That means, as a consequence, Indonesia to rigorously respect and enforce the rules on human rights - both inside and outside the country.

I do not get enough to remind that every human being has a God-given rights that can not be revoked by any party. That is the so-called rights. Only men that receive such rights, and not the other creatures, because man is God's most precious creation. So what are called human rights are given (terberi) - of God because it is God only step that may pull it out, while the other side should not include state.

That human rights, which in contrast to the right (without human). My belongings, it is my right. Other people should not take it. Even just using it for a moment the goods shall not, except with my permission. But, as soon as the goods that I sell, then there goes my rights over the goods. That's right (without human) that can be removed or detached from human beings for reasons or reasons are manifold.

Related to that, once again, particularistic approach and cultural relativism which holds that human rights in Indonesia is different with human rights in Western countries should be abandoned. Especially now that the era of globalization, which makes nations anywhere in the world lived like in a village globe (global village), so that a variety of views, attitudes, and values ​​are becoming more similar to each other. One is the meaning of human rights is earlier. Human rights are rights that every human being is universal (for all human beings as creatures that secitra akhluk with Him (in Latin called "image dei"). So other than divine, human rights are also individual or undivided.

For the achievement of human life is earnest bermartabatlah state must guarantee the fulfillment of human rights for every citizen. For that country was formed, and those who have a position as an organizer and the apparatus of the state is given a number of powers obligation. In order that also then the next state to make laws as the basis for the fulfillment of human rights efforts. Due to the law, it is unlikely that the human rights of freedom of each person into a wild "freely". Moreover, we generally do not live diruang vacuum that there is no legal or cultural reference. We generally live in spaces of togetherness which has a number of rules in order to achieve harmony and order to live in togetherness. The conditions that make the fulfillment of human rights must also be balanced with obligations. So respect the rights of others, it is indeed a necessity, as other people have to respect the human rights that we have.

In that regard, where the main ones: individual interests or the interests of society? Not easy to decide. Selfish, it is clearly important. Individualistic cultural value, which is generally very hearts by Western people, this is not the same as selfish. With selfish, it means that we require others to selfless us so they must always succumb or sacrifice for us. While individualistic means everyone was well aware that he has selfhood (selfness) should diurusinya themselves, for themselves. Its deep appreciation of the value of this individualistic, over time, inevitably raise the value of independence (autonomy), which used to rely on themselves and take responsibility on behalf of and to yourself. Various examples of what is called self . (in Indonesia discussed, such as supermarkets) or self (in the English language such as selfservice) and other But not necessarily because of its deep appreciation of the individualistic values ​​that the community is not important for us. Of course the community is also important, because by and within the communities in adition everyone find their meaning. But, how could we be concerned if selfish people just can not afford? In this context, becomes a creature that is both individual as well as social (homo socius). Humans have selfhood, but requires the other fellow. Thus, each equally important value in the context of each.

Based on that, then there are other paradigms that should also be updated to Indonesia now and into the future. A classic line worth adiluhung "do not ask what the country can give you, but ask what you've given to the country" feels outdated and should therefore be criticized. Are not we should ask constantly to this country about what they (state officials) have given us? In the questions that reflected their control function for us as a good citizen.
Back on human rights, the real fulfillment of human rights was not familiar with the distinction of citizens and non-citizens. So even though there are many foreigners (non-Indonesian citizens) who were living in Indonesia, their human rights must be respected. They are, for example, the right to life and therefore should not be killed by anyone. But to be able to enjoy life in Indoneisia, of course they must first meet a number of specific requirements set by the Indonesian government. Thus, human rights can also be arranged (regulable) at a time can be limited (limitable).

In other instances, the nature of human rights and limitable regulable it actually applies to citizens of Indonesia. In fact, there are also rights that are degorable (can be deferred fulfillment) due to certain conditions and otherwise non-derogable (can not be deferred fulfillment) do not bother in any condition (Gromme, 2001).
As the development of world civilization and modern political thought, human rights are increasingly growing and multiplying. According to Jack Donnelly, the expansion of the concept of human rights is best interpreted according to the Constructivist Theory. The theory that emphasizes the moral aspect of human nature is said that the human rights arising from human action and is the choice of certain moral vision of human potential and institutions to realize that vision.

In other words, humans who decide according to their own understanding about why human rights must berkembanga human rights and development are necessary for the creation of life is precious MORI. Based on the increasing number of human rights in this modern era, so for simplicity, human rights can be categorized according to the chronology of its development. The first, called the first generation of human rights, namely civil rights and political (Sipol). Secondly, the second generation of human rights, namely the rights of economic, social and cultural (ESC). Third, the third-generation human rights, namely the rights of solidarity and collective rights include the rights to development, peace, and a healthy environment, as well as the rights of minorities.


Thus, quite a lot of dimensions in human rights to be truly understood that Indonesia later get an appraisal} deserve "a member of the UN Human Rights Council. To that end, in addition to updating the paradigm of human rights is outdated and disseminate to the public, the Indonesian government must also continually evaluate its performance in fulfilling the rights associated with those that have been experienced attitudes and discriminatory treatment of the country, such as in terms of belief and worship The corresponding belief. Moreover, the Indonesian government must not forget just various cases of serious human rights violations in the past. Therefore, those who forget (human rights violations) past will tend to repeat (the gross human rights violations) in the future.

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